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Introduction: Non compressive myelopathy is defined as“spinal cord dysfunction in the absence of clinico-radiologicalevidence of spinal cord compression.” It can result fromdemyelinating, infectious, autoimmune, vascular, degenerativeand metabolic disorders in the absence of demonstrablecompression by imaging techniques. We aimed in analyzingthe etiological profile of non-compressive myelopathies in atertiary care hospital of Central Tamil nadu.Material and Methods: In the Neurology department, weconducted an observational study at Thanjavur MedicalCollege, Thanjavur, from September 2017 to September2018. Patients of non-compressive myelopathies whounderwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinewere segregated into two categories: Degenerative and nonDegenerative, as well as into acute, subacute and chronicmyelopathies.Results: The study had 75 patients with a median age of34.5 years and male: female ratio of 1.35:1. Presentation wasacute in 10 patients (13%), subacute in 5 (6.5%), chronic in54 (72.5%) and history of relapse and remission in 6(8%)patients. Degenerative etiology was found for 42 (56%)others were non degenerative (demyelinating, autoimmune,vascular, nutritional, or physical agent). MRI study carried outin all cases showed signal changes in 51 cases (68%) whichincluded myelomalacia, demyelination, atrophy of cord,infarction of cord. Etiological diagnosis could be establishedin 74 (97.3%) cases.Conclusion: Underlying etiology (degenerative,demyelinating, autoimmune, infectious, vascular, metabolicdisorder, or physical agent) was found in 91.3% patients ofnoncompressive myelopathy. Clinical features combinedwith MRI findings are helpful in defining the cause ofnon-compressive myelopathies. A follow-up of long termmay reveal some of the diagnosis especially degenerativemyelopathies in early stage.
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Introduction: Large territory middle cerebral artery strokesare devastating events that result in high rates of disabilityand death. Nearly half of all stroke survivors never regainfunctional independence. Current research aimed to study theclinical profile and risk factors of massive middle cerebralartery (MCA) infarction and to study the relation of alcoholismand its pattern to massive MCA stroke.Material and methods: Patients admitted with massive MCAinfarct with an early ischemic change on CT affecting at least>50% of the MCA territory within 48 hours of symptom onsetwere included in the study. Stroke mimics and those withhistory of previous stroke were excluded. Study design was across sectional, observational study.Results: A total of 60 cases were analyzed. Mean age was55.4. 35% subjects had NIHSS >20.Diabetes was present in18. Total of 60% were alcoholics, and 83% of males werealcoholics.31 subjects were heavy drinkers. Binge drinkingwas present in 30%.Mean duration of alcohol was 9.5 years.Average intake per day was 120 ml. Mean ASPECT scorein the subjects was 3. 25 patients had a MRS 4 at discharge.Craniotomy done in 6 cases. Total death were 17(29%).Aspiration pneumonia was the common cause of death (5).Conclusion: NIHSS 20 or more was associated with adverseoutcome (P value <0.05).60% were alcoholics. Binge intake in30%(associated with adverse outcome P value <0.05). MeanAspect score was 3 (3 or less associated with adverse outcomeP value <0.05).
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Introduction: Febrile seizures are the commonest epilepticdisorder in children aged till 5 years. In some children febrileseizure tend to occur after the age of 6 years, although wellreported phenomenon the Clinical and EEG features is lessclear. Study aimed to analyse the Clinical and EEG profile infebrile seizures in Children aged between 6 to 12 years.Material and methods: All patients - Typical and AtypicalFebrile seizures in the age group 6-12 years attending thetertiary referral centre in eastern Tamilnadu were included.Patients with structural lesions, CNS infections and thosewith previous afebrile seizures were excluded. 30 Subjectsfulfilling the criteria were included in the study. A carefulneurological examination with appropriate laboratory tests,imaging and EEG was performed.Results: Out of 30 children 22 were in the 6-9 age group andrest in 10-12 age group.12 girls and 18 boys comprised thestudy group. 22 subjects (73.3%) presented with GTCS, 3with focal seizures and 5 with febrile status. Family historyof febrile seizure was present in 40% and family historyof epilepsy in 26.6%. 4 children (13.3%) had behaviouralproblem and 33% had learning difficulty. EEG was abnormalin 60% of study population. Hyponatremia was found in36.7% of the subjects. Imaging abnormality was noted in 3subjects.Conclusion: Abnormal EEG had significant positiveassociation with learning difficulty (p<0.05). Hyponatremiahad significant association with occurrence of febrile status.
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AIM@#Dasyatis jenkinsii is used traditionally to treat inflammatory complaints and arthritis by the fisherman community and local population. The present study was designed to scientifically investigate the traditional practice through the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and organ toxicity studies and characterization of bioactive compounds of crude extracts of D. jenkinsii.@*METHOD@#Solvent extract of homogenized fresh fish was prepared using petroleum ether and diethyl ether. The chemical and spectral analyses of extracts were carried out using FT-IR and GC-MS. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed by hot plate, tail clip, and carrageenan induced rat paw edema methods. The organ toxicity of each extract was assessed on brain, liver, and kidney of mice.@*RESULTS@#The IR spectrum indicated the presence of aromatic and aliphatic compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 1-(4-carboxy)phenylnona-2, 5-diene and 3-hydroxymono-glyceryl hydrogen phthalate in the petroleum ether extract and carboxyl serine, dihydrotryptophan, and indolyl carboxylic acid in the diethyl ether extract. Both extracts showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in all the methods tested. The vital organs of the test animals were not affected by the crude extracts significantly.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The presence of biologically active compounds in the crude extracts with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties justifies the traditional knowledge and paves the way for isolation of these compounds for further experimentation.
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Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Rats , Analgesics , Chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Chemistry , Edema , Drug Therapy , Pain , Drug Therapy , Skates, Fish , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredABSTRACT
AIM@#Mangrove is one of the oldest living tree species and its leaves are among the most extensively studied botanicals in use today. Scientific research throughout the world has found evidence to support the fact that its foliar extracts have great potential against human microbial pathogens. This study highlights the isolation of foliar fungi from Rhizophora mucronata, Avicenna officialis and Avicenna marina.@*METHOD@#It was isolated in Sabouroud's Dextrose Agar and mass cultivation was done in Sabouroud's Dextrose broth.@*RESULTS@#The ethyl acetate extract showed maximum antibacterial activity which inturn checked for different concentration against bacterial pathogens and anticancer activity for Hep2 and MCF7 cell line in vitro. The DNA was isolated from the fungi and the ITS region of 5.8 s RNA was sequenced and assigned to new species as they are separated from the type strains phylogenetic neighbors by sequence similarities.@*CONCLUSION@#This preliminary screening of fungal endophytes revealed their potential to yield potent bioactive compounds for drug discovery programmes.